There are many industries that utilize heat exchangers, including the following:

This recycling of energy saves the company a significant amount of money, as well as preserves the environment from wasting more energy (Towler and Sinnott, 2013). Heat exchangers can save companies a lot of money by reusing the energy or heat in a waste stream and using it to heat or cool a different stream in the process that is vital. These factors include the types of fluid that will engage in heat transfer, the phase, densities, temperatures, pressures, and various other thermodynamic properties of the fluids. Depending on the process, the type and size of heat exchanger can be tailored depending on certain factors. Heat exchangers are widely seen across various types of industry, mainly for heating and cooling large processes. Standards and codes by TEMA (Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association) and ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers)

Traditionally shell-and-tube heat exchangers in chemical industry. The associated utility requirements of the additional units are also eliminated and replaced by the utility requirements of operating the heat exchanger. Here the costs of an additional heating and additional cooling unit are eliminated, and replaced by the cost of a heat exchanger. For example, if a product stream requires cooling, the excess heat can be used to preheat a feed stream that requires heating by using an appropriate heat exchanger. One way to reduce consumption of utilities is to exchange heat between these streams. Process equipment and streams will need to be heated or cooled.

Design equations for heat exchangers will use generally use some form of this equation with the appropriate modifications to account for different configurations and approximations. the correction factor is used because most heat exchangers do not implement true countercurrent contact. Is the driving force for a pure countercurrent contact pattern in a tubular system. = log mean temperature difference or the temperature driving force, (temperature) = overall heat-transfer coefficient (energy/time-area-temperature) = heat transferred per unit time (energy/time) Heat transfer across a surface by convection is given by the equation: Conduction and radiation will generally be negligible in large heat exchangers, but radiation will be important in fired heaters. In most heat exchangers, convection will be the dominant mechanism. There are three mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation.

3.1.1 Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient.

2.1.4 Environmental, health, and safety considerations and regulations.

2.1.1 Thermal and hydraulic requirements.

Tube condenser calculations